JAEQM

Agriculture is a key livelihood for rural households. Many relied on smallholder farming, and livestock, for income and food security. Despite access to natural water sources such as rivers, streams, shallow wells, and rainfall, productivity remains low, incomes unstable, and vulnerability to poverty high. This study evaluated the role of productive water use in rural household livelihoods in Oyo State, Nigeria. Using a multistage sampling technique, 90 respondents were selected, and data were collected through structured interviews. Analysis employed descriptive statistics and Ordered Probit regression. Findings revealed the socioeconomic characteristics of respondents, the roles of productive water use, and constraints in access. The study concludes that although households have multiple water sources, improved management is needed, and recommends government sensitization on water conservation and proper waste management to prevent pollution.

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